因為天氣實在太冷了
It is so cold today

狐狸貓決定跟小數蛙一起
that Fox Cat decides to go
to the supermarket with Froggy

去超市買食材
and buy some ingredients

然後到小數蛙家煮熱騰騰的蔬菜湯來喝
to make hot
vegetable soup at Froggy’s place.

買完食材的狐狸貓與小數蛙
After buying the
ingredients, Foxy Cat and Froggy

來到小數蛙的家裡
get back to Froggy’s house.

小數蛙拿著食譜研究蔬菜湯如何煮
Froggy is reading a
recipe to work out how to make
vegetable soup.

狐狸貓則在研究瓦斯要如何開
Foxy Cat is working out
how to turn on the gas.

在一陣手忙腳亂中
After a big rush,

狐狸貓和小數蛙終於煮好了蔬菜湯
Foxy Cat and Froggy
finally finish cooking their vegetable
soup,

卻也把自己用的很狼狽
and they have also gotten
themselves into a big mess in the
kitchen.

喝完熱湯後
After having some hot soup,

狐狸貓和小數蛙坐在沙發上
Foxy Cat and Froggy sit
on the sofa

不知道要做什麼
not knowing what to do next.

狐狸貓說
Foxy Cat says:

你上次不是要介紹有機物的分類嗎？
“Didn’t you want to
talk about the classification of
organic matter?

不然我們趁這個時間來瞭解吧！
Why don’t we go over it
right now?”

於是小數蛙回到房間拿出一個黑板
Froggy goes to his
room, brings out a blackboard

在上面畫了不同有機化合物的構造
and draws the
structures of different organic
compounds on it.

小數蛙讓狐狸貓先試著把這些有機化合物分類
Froggy lets Foxy
Cat try and classify these organic
compounds first.

螢幕前的你幫幫狐狸貓吧！
Can you help Foxy Cat?

狐狸貓仔細觀察
After taking a close look,

發現1號和2號有機物
Foxy Cat discovers that
organic compounds numbers 1 and 2

只有碳原子和氫原子
only contain carbon atoms
and hydrogen atoms.

而3、4、5、6號有機物
Organic compounds numbers
3, 4, 5, and 6

除了碳原子和氫原子之外
contain oxygen atoms,

另外還有氧原子
in addition to carbon atoms
and hydrogen atoms.

狐狸貓認為這樣就可以分成兩類了
Foxy Cat thinks they
are now divided into two categories.

若依照狐狸貓的想法
Based on Foxy Cat’s way of
thinking,

便是利用原子的種類進行分類
we can divide them into
2 types based on the atom types:

把含有碳、氫原子的分成一類
one containing carbon
atoms and hydrogen atoms,

含有碳、氫、氧原子的分成一類
and the other
containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
atoms.

小數蛙稱讚狐狸貓很棒
Froggy praises Foxy Cat

並表示：
and says:

若有機化合物只含有碳和氫兩種原子的話
“Organic compounds
containing only carbon and hydrogen
atoms

稱為碳氫化合物
are called hydrocarbons.

含有碳氫氧原子的
Organic compounds containing
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

則稱為碳氫氧化合物
are called carbon hydroxide
compounds.”

小數蛙向狐狸貓說：
Froggy tells Foxy Cat:

而碳氫化合物又可以稱為烴類喔！
“Hydrocarbons are also
called Ting in Chinese.”

烴類？
“Ting ?

這個字是怎麼來的呢？
Where does the Chinese
character come from?”

其實「烴」的字形、字音
In fact, its form and sound

是由「碳」、「氫」所組成
come from carbon and
hydrogen.

接下來小數蛙問狐狸貓
Next, Froggy asks Foxy Cat:

還記得目前有機化合物的定義嗎？
“Do you remember the
definition of organic compounds?”

當然還記得
“Of course I do.”

狐狸貓大聲的說
Foxy Cat says loudly:

有機化合物必定含碳原子
“Organic compounds must
contain carbon atoms.

且可以依照不同原子的規則
According to the rules of
different atoms,

與其他原子連結
they can be joined to other
atoms,

例如氫原子、氧原子等
such as hydrogen atoms and
oxygen atoms.”

接著小數蛙提到
Next, Froggy says:

其實烴類還可以依照碳和碳原子間
In fact, based on the
bond between carbons or the bond
between carbons

或與其他原子間
and other atoms,

形成不同的鍵數
hydrocarbons can present
different bond orders.

分別是
The different bond orders are:

單鍵、雙鍵及參鍵
a single bond, a double bond,
and a triple bond.

並逐一命名為烷類、烯類、炔類
They are named alkanes,
alkenes and alkynes.

小數蛙又提到：
Froggy also says:

其中
“Of all the hydrocarbons,

甲烷是烴類結構中最簡單的有機物
methane is the organic
compound with the simplest structure.

它是一種難溶於水的氣體
It is an insoluble gas

是一種古生物長期沉積地下
that is produced
underground over a long period of time,

經慢慢轉化及變質裂解
through the gradual
decomposition of ancient organisms,

而產生的碳氫化合物
and transformed into a
hydrocarbon.

而且可以釋放大量熱能
It can release a huge
amount of heat.

你還記得剛剛我們煮蔬菜湯時
Do you remember when we
just cooked vegetable soup,

是不是有使用到瓦斯呢？
we used gas, didn’t we?”

狐狸貓表示：
Foxy Cat says:

有的
“Yes,

這跟甲烷能釋放大量熱能有關嗎？
is this related to
methane releasing a huge amount of
heat?”

小數蛙說：對呀
Froggy replies: “That’s
correct.

就因為甲烷有這樣的特性
Because of this property
of methane,

所以將它做為天然氣的主要成分
it is the major
component of natural gas,

由瓦斯公司架設管線提供用戶使用
which gas companies
supply through pipelines for homes to
use.”

小數蛙也讓狐狸貓想想看
Froggy also wants Foxy Cat
to think about this:

生活中哪裡可能有甲烷的存在呢？
where is methane in
everyday life?

沒有錯
Correct.

森林中落葉分解時
The fallen leaves which break
down in the soil of a forest,

天然沼澤冒出的氣體中
and the gases coming out of
swamps are methane.

以及動物消化食物產生的排氣裡面
The gases that animals
release after they digest food

也有甲烷喔！
are also methane.

接下來　小數蛙讓狐狸貓想想看
Next, Froggy asks Foxy
Cat to think about this.

小吃店很常使用的桶裝瓦斯
Gas tanks are often used
in some diners.

裡面的成分其實主要是丙烷和少量的丁烷
The major
components are propane and a little bit
of butane.

狐狸貓提出疑問：
Foxy Cat raises a question:

所以丙烷和丁烷也是氣體儲存在鋼瓶囉？
“So, are propane
and butane also gases stored in a steel
tank?”

小數蛙回答：
Froggy answers:

丙烷和丁烷雖然是氣體
“Though propane and butane
are gases,

不過為了方便運輸使用
for the convenience of
transportation,

便將原本氣體的丙烷和丁烷
propane and butane gases

經過加壓壓縮成液體
are compressed by pressure
into liquids.”

儲存於鋼瓶中
“They’re then stored in steel
tanks

以增加使用量
to increase the volume of use.”

狐狸貓接著說：
Foxy Cat goes on to say:

剛剛介紹了有關於烷類的不同有機化合物
Just now we talked
about different organic compounds
called alkanes.

難道沒有一種統一的命名方式嗎？
Isn’t there a unified
way of naming alkanes?

其實有的有機化合物
In English, the prefix of an
organic compound’s name

如果含碳數是10個以內
tells the number of carbon
atoms, and is combined with the suffix
“-ane” for alkanes,

就會以甲、
1 carbon atom = meth- + -ane =
methane;

乙、
2 carbon atoms: eth- + -ane =
ethane;

丙、丁、戊、己、
3: propane; 4: butane; 5:
pentane; 6: hexane;

庚、辛、壬、癸命名
7: heptane; 8: octane; 9:
nonane; 10: decane; and so on.

若含碳數是10個以上
In Chinese, if it contains
more than 10 carbon atoms,

則以碳原子總數命名
it will be named by using a
stem that shows the total number of
carbon atoms;

也就是數字
that is, a digit.

讓我們和狐狸貓一起整理今天學習到的東西
Now, let’s
summarize with Foxy Cat what we have
learned today.

僅含碳和氫二種元素的有機化合物
Organic compounds
containing only the elements carbon and
hydrogen

叫做碳氫化合物
are called hydrocarbons.

簡稱為烴類
They are called Ting in Chinese.

烴類包含烷類、烯類、炔類等
Hydrocarbons include
alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

不易溶於水
They are insoluble

且在空氣中完全燃燒後
and will turn into carbon
dioxide and water

可生成二氧化碳與水
after they are completely
burnt up in the air.

而有機化合物的命名方式：
The Chinese naming of
organic compounds uses jia, yi, bing
etc.

若含碳數是10個以內
if there are 10 carbon
atoms or fewer,

依序以甲、乙、丙……方式命名
while in English the
prefix tells the number of carbon atoms
: meth-, eth-, prop-, but- and so on.

若含碳數是10個以上
In Chinese, those
containing more than 10 carbon atoms

則以數字命名
are named by using a stem that
shows a digit.

最後
Last of all,

螢螢幕前的你
can you

想想看還可以依照什麼條件
think of any other
conditions

幫有機化合物命名呢？
that can help name organic
compounds?